Colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the colon, allowing the physician to view the inner lining of the colon using a small camera located at the tip of a flexible tube. The examination is intended to diagnose symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, prolonged diarrhea or constipation, as well as to serve as a screening tool for the early detection of polyps and colon cancer. During the procedure, it is also possible to remove polyps or take tissue samples (biopsies) for microscopic examination.
The procedure is usually performed under mild sedation and is considered very safe and highly effective in preventing colon cancer through early detection and immediate treatment of findings.